<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> the administrative center for Chuy Oblasty is Bishkek; the administrative center for Ysyk-Kol Oblasty may be Ksyk-Kol or Karakol; all other oblasttar have administrative centers of the same name as the oblast
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<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> adopted 5 May 1993
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> based on civil law system
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> 18 years of age; universal
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state:</hi> President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990); election last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results—Askar AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote and with 90% of electorate voting; note—president elected by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991; note—AKAYEV won 96% of the vote in a referendum on his status as president on 30 January 1993
<item>• <hi format=ital>head of government:</hi> Prime Minister Apas DZHUMAGULOV (since NA December 1993); First Deputy Prime Minister Almambet MATURBRAIMOV (since NA)
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> Cabinet of Ministers; subordinate to the president
<item><hi format=bold>Zhogorku Keneshom:</hi> elections last held 25 February 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next to be held no later than NA November 1994 for the Zhogorku Keneshom); results—Communists 90%; seats—(350 total) Communists 310
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi> Social Democrats, Ishenbai KADYRBEKOV, chairman; Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement (KDM), Kazat AKHMATOV, chairman; National Unity, German KUZNETSOV; Communist Party, Dzhumalbek AMANBAYEV, chairman; Erkin (Free) Kyrgyzstan Party, Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV, chairman
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade Unions; Union of Entrepreneurs; Agrarian Party
<item><hi format=bold>Flag:</hi> red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Krygyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt